Super capacitor. Because compared to other types of capacitors, their capacity is much larger than other capacitors and can reach the farad level, so it is called a super capacitor.
Double layer capacitor. In the manufacturing process, the capacitor consists of two layers of pole pieces. Accumulation of charge on pole pieces stores power. So there is this name.
Gold capacitor: Because the capacitor has a higher price in the market, it is called a gold capacitor.
These four kinds of names refer to a product.
2. Classification From the point of view of processing technology, there are two kinds of button type and winding type. From the aspect of material composition, there are two kinds of water type and organic type. From the shape of the button and column and square type. Different types of products have different performance and application locations.
3. Solder Leg Type Common buckle type capacitor solder pin types are shown in the figure below
4. Basic Performance Parameter Voltage. Refers to the highest voltage allowed to charge. This is determined by the material properties. Charging voltage for longer than the rated value may cause the capacitor to fail.
Capacity: The amount of electricity at the rated voltage, usually indicated by pull. The lower the voltage, the smaller the capacity. Both have a positive relationship.
Internal Resistance: Refers to the series equivalent resistance. Measurements are made using an internal resistance meter that generates a 1kHz AC voltage. The size of the internal resistance is directly related to the charge and discharge currents. The smaller the internal resistance, the larger the charging and discharging currents can be. Conversely, the greater the internal resistance, the smaller the charging and discharging currents can be reached. Correspondingly, the charging time will be extended.
Charge and discharge current: This parameter is directly related to internal resistance. Large current, fast charge and discharge. The current is small and the charging and discharging speed is slow. The capacity of a small capacity charge and discharge current is small; the capacity of a large capacity, charge and discharge current. Each capacitor has a maximum allowable charge and discharge current. See the data sheet for specific data.
Leakage current: Refers to the steady-state current in the floating state. Take the 5.5V/0.33F produced by our company as an example, 50μ. The larger the capacitance, the greater the leakage current.
Self-discharge: Farah capacitance has self-discharge, self-discharge rate is higher than the battery.
Lifetime: The life of a capacitor under normal conditions of use is much higher than that of a rechargeable battery, which is usually more than 100,000 times. With the increase in the number of uses, capacity will decline.
Discharge platform: The capacitor has no discharge platform, and the voltage decreases linearly with the discharge time. This is different from the battery.
Temperature: Capacitors use a temperature range of -20°C to +70°C, which is not as good as micro-level capacitance. Micro-level electrolytic capacitors can reach 105 °C, storage temperature range of -20 °C ~ +45 °C.
5. Application 5.1 For manual charging torch is as a power supply. The internal resistance of the capacitor is required to be low.
5.2 It can be used as a backup power supply for small current supply such as clock chips, static random memories, and data transmission systems for electronic products. The backup power supply has a clock memory backup power supply and has a power-off backup power supply. Power off alarm backup power supply. The applied capacitance is from 5.5V/0.1F~5.5V/4F, and the clock memory backup power supply uses a small capacity, which requires the maintenance of data from a few hours to a few days after a power failure. In addition can also be used for mobile phones, digital cameras, MP3, MP4, electronic timers, digital temperature controller, PLC equipment, electronic access control systems, instrumentation, program-controlled switches, tax control machines, cordless phones. This requires that the leakage current of the capacitor is low.
5.3 Start the power supply. The short-time high-current discharge characteristics of the capacitor are used for startup in some circuits. Such as for smart IC card table to start the solenoid valve used for electric toys to start the motor or gear, for solar products and so on. This requires that the internal resistance of the capacitor be as low as possible. This can ensure large current discharge.
5.4 Instead of rechargeable batteries, solar warning lights, navigation lights and other solar products can be used. This type of application is mostly large capacity. Low leakage current required.
6. Precautions 6.1 Capacitance should not be used in the following applications 6.1.1 Cannot be used in AC line 6.1.2 Cannot be used for filtering 6.2 Voltage 6.2.1 The operating voltage cannot exceed its rated charging voltage during application. When the operating voltage of the capacitor exceeds the charge voltage, not only its life will be shortened, but also the gas generated due to the chemical reaction inside the capacitor may cause leakage and cracking according to the actual voltage.
6.3 Polarity 6.3.1 Be sure to check the polarity of the capacitors before use. The polarity of the capacitor is based on the polarity of the first charge.
6.3.2 Capacitors working for the opposite polarity for a long time will not only shorten the life, but also cause serious damage, for example, the electrolyte may leak. In addition, experiments have shown that in this case, the capacitor also accumulates residual charges in some semiconductor components that have weaker voltage resistance.
6.4 Ambient temperature 6.4.1 The lifetime of the capacitor is affected by the operating temperature. In general, the working life of the capacitor can be prolonged by a factor of 2 for each 10°C decrease in operating ambient temperature. Therefore, the operating temperature of the capacitor should be at the maximum allowable temperature. Reduce as much as possible.
6.4.2 When the operating temperature of the capacitor exceeds the allowable range, not only its lifetime will be shortened, but also the capacitor will be severely damaged. Therefore, not only the ambient temperature and the internal temperature of the product cell should be taken into account when verifying the operating temperature of the capacitor. It is necessary to consider the heat radiation of the heating element inside the product unit and the oscillating current causing the heat of the capacitor itself. Be sure to avoid placing heating elements on the opposite side of the PCB board capacitor position.
6.5 Capacitors used in series 6.5.1 Because the voltage applied to each capacitor in series is not balanced, first ensure that the voltage applied to each capacitor does not exceed its charging voltage. If the voltage balance is broken, individual capacitors may be overloaded. In order to prevent this from happening, a voltage dividing resistor can be connected in parallel across each capacitor to ensure that the leakage current of the capacitor will not affect the capacitance.
6.6 Welding conditions Excessive thermal shock can lead to reduced electrical performance of the capacitor, loss of hermeticity, and leakage due to increased internal pressure.
6.6.1 If the tip of the soldering iron hits the outer sleeve of the capacitor, it will cause the sleeve to melt or crack.
6.6.2 The temperature during welding shall not exceed 230 °C and the time shall not exceed 5 s. The distance from the main body of the soldering iron to the capacitor shall not be shorter than 1.6 mm.
6.6.3 Do not allow the soldering iron to touch the top of the capacitor when soldering.
6.6.4 Do not set the temperature to more than 150°C when preheating the capacitor and hardening the adhesive with a device such as an ultraviolet oven. If the temperature exceeds 150°C, the outer jacket of the capacitor may crack, and the bottom seal portion of the capacitor may shrink.
6.6.5 Never reflow the capacitor using infrared heating and air heating.
7. Schedule