In recent years, with the explosive growth of IP traffic, telecommunication networks are beginning to develop in the direction of sustainable development of the next generation, and building a fiber optic infrastructure with huge transmission capacity is the physical foundation of the next generation network. The traditional G.652 single-mode fiber has been exposed to the development of the above-mentioned ultra-high-speed long-distance transmission network. The development of new optical fibers has become an important part of the development of next-generation network infrastructure. At present, in order to adapt to the different development needs of the backbone network and the metropolitan area network, two different new optical fibers have emerged, namely non-zero dispersion fiber (G.655 fiber) and anhydrous absorption peak fiber (full wave fiber).
1. Non-zero dispersion fiber
The basic design idea of ​​non-zero dispersion fiber (G.655 fiber) is to have a reasonably low dispersion in the 1550 window operating wavelength region, which is sufficient to support 10Gbps long-distance transmission without dispersion compensation, thereby saving the dispersion compensator and its additional light The cost of the amplifier; at the same time, its dispersion value maintains non-zero characteristics, with the minimum value of a code (such as 2ps / (nm.km) or more), enough to suppress the nonlinear effects of four-wave mixing and cross-phase modulation, suitable for opening The DWDM system with enough wavelengths meets the needs of both TDM and DWDM development directions. In order to achieve the above purpose, the zero dispersion point can be moved to the short wavelength side (usually in the range of 1510 to 1520 nm) or the long wavelength side (around 157 nm), so that the working wavelength region around 1550 nm exhibits a certain dispersion value to meet the above requirements . The dispersion value of a typical G.655 fiber in the 1550nm wavelength region is 1/6 to 1/7 of G.652 fiber, so the dispersion compensation distance is also roughly 6 to 7 times that of G.652 fiber. The cost of dispersion compensation (including optical amplifiers) , Dispersion compensator and installation debugging) is much lower than G.652 fiber.
2. Full wave fiber
Compared with the long-distance network, the metropolitan area network is facing a more complex and changeable business environment, and it needs to directly support large users. Therefore, frequent traffic grooming and bandwidth management capabilities are required. But its transmission distance is very short, usually only 50 ~ 80km, so fiber amplifiers are rarely used, and fiber dispersion is not a problem. Obviously, in such an application environment, how to make the business volume up and down optical fiber become the most important factor in network design. The use of high-density wavelength division multiplexing technology with hundreds of multiplexing wavelengths will be a promising solution. At this time, traffic of various rates can be allocated to different wavelengths, and traffic selection and add / drop can be performed on the optical path. In such applications, the development of optical fibers with as wide a usable band as possible becomes crucial. At present, the main factor affecting the available band is the water absorption peak around 1385nm, so if we can try to eliminate this water peak, the available spectrum of the optical fiber is expected to be greatly expanded. Full-wave fiber was born under this situation.
The full-wave optical fiber adopts a brand-new production process, which can almost completely eliminate the attenuation caused by the water peak. Except that there is no water peak, the full-wave fiber is the same as the normal standard G.652 matched cladding fiber. However, because there is no water peak, the fiber can open the fifth low-loss window, which brings a series of benefits:
(1) The usable wavelength range is increased by 100nm, so that the total usable wavelength range of the optical fiber is increased from about 200nm to 300nm, and the number of reusable wavelengths is greatly increased;
(2) In the above wavelength range, the dispersion of the optical fiber is only half of the 155Onm wavelength region, so it is easy to achieve high bit rate and long distance transmission;
(3) Different services can be assigned to the wavelength transmission that is most suitable for this service, improving network governance;
(4) When the available wavelength range is greatly expanded, allow the use of light sources, multiplexers, demultiplexers and other components with a wide wavelength interval and low wavelength accuracy and stability requirements, making the cost of the components extraordinary passive Significantly reduced, which reduces the cost of the entire system. For more information, please see the topic of cabling technology, network transmission media, cable and fiber, or enter the discussion group.
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