Why do we pay attention to artificial intelligence, because this is the goal of technology. Artificial intelligence does things that humans don't want to do. For example, it can reduce a lot of manual repetitive work, or do not do good things. Maybe it is not strong enough, maybe not fast enough, and it is easy to be influenced by emotions and make biased judgments. Things, these are all we hope to optimize through artificial intelligence.
Dr. Andrew Ng, a co-founder of Coursera and a professor at Stanford University, said in a keynote speech at the AI ​​Frontier Conference in Silicon Valley last week: "AI is like a new kind of electricity. About 100 years ago, electricity changed every one. Major industries. AI has grown to the same level and has the ability to change all major industries in the next few years.†Wu Enda said that although AI is considered a fairly new technology, it has actually existed for decades. But it is now taking off, thanks to the expansion of data and computing power.
Wu Enda said that most of the value created by AI is done through supervised learning. But there are two major waves of progress: one wave uses deep learning to predict whether consumers will click on online advertising after the algorithm gets information about him. When the output is no longer a number or an integer, but a speech recognition, another language, or an audio sentence structure, a second wave of advancement occurs. For example, in a driverless car, the input of an image would form a vehicle position output on the road.
According to Xuedong Huang, chief scientist at Microsoft, in fact, deep learning (that is, the computer's learning from the dataset to performing functions, rather than performing the specific tasks it is programmed on) is helpful in achieving speech recognition goals that are comparable to humans. In 2016, Huang Xuedong led the Microsoft team to a historic achievement, when their system recorded a 5.9% error rate, which is the same as for human transcriptionists. Huang Xuedong said at the meeting: "Thanks to deep learning, we can reach the human level after 20 years." Since then, the team has further reduced the error rate to 5.1%.
Since 2010, the quality of speech recognition has improved, and Siri and Alexa were born. Wu Enda said: "Now, you almost think this is a matter of course. Amazon Alexa director RuhiSarikaya said that in addition, voice is expected to replace touch input. The key to improving accuracy is to understand the context, for example, if a person asks What should Alexa do for dinner, the digital assistant must evaluate his intentions. Does he want Alexa to go to the restaurant to book a location, order a meal or find a recipe? If he asks Alexa to find HungerGames, he wants to listen Music, watching videos or listening to audio books?
Dilek Hakkani-Tur, a research scientist at Google, said that the next step in digital assistant research would be a more advanced task of understanding "beyond the meaning of words." For example, if a user uses a phrase such as "today's later", it may mean a meeting between 7pm and 9pm, or between 3pm and 5pm. Hakani-Tour said that the next phase will require more complex and more vivid dialogues, multi-domain tasks and interactions beyond the boundaries of the field. In addition, digital assistants should be able to do more things, such as easy reading and summarizing email.
After speech recognition, it is "computer vision," the ability of a computer to recognize and classify images. As many people upload images and videos, adding metadata to all content becomes cumbersome, and this requires a way to categorize them. Manohar PaluriLumos, a visual recognition technology expert at the Facebook Artificial Intelligence Institute, said that Facebook has developed an AI that understands and massively classifies video, called Lumos. Facebook uses Lumos for data collection, for example, collecting fireworks images and videos. The platform can also use people's gestures to identify videos, such as categorizing people's busy scenes around the couch as "going out."
Rahul Sukthankar, director of Google Video Comprehension, added that the key is to determine the main semantic content of the uploaded video. To help the computer correctly identify the content in the video, Susan Carl's team explored similar content on YouTube that AI can learn, such as a specific frame rate for non-professional content. Susan Carl added that an important direction of future research is the use of video to train computers. So, if the robot sees a person inserting the cereal into multiple angle videos in the bowl, it should be able to learn by watching the video.
Alibaba uses AI to promote sales. For example, shoppers on the Taobao e-commerce website can upload photos of the products they want to buy, such as a trendy handbag from a stranger on the street, and the website will provide the handbag closest to the photo. Alibaba also uses augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) technology to allow people to browse and shop in stores like Costco. On the Youku video site, Alibaba is developing a way to increase the revenue by inserting virtual 3D objects into user-uploaded videos. This is because many video sites are working to increase profitability. XiaofengRen, chief AI scientist at Alibaba, said: "YouTube is still losing money."
Rosie and home robotAlthough AI technology is progressing and progressing, it still cannot match the human brain. Vicarious is a startup that aims to bridge the gap between AI and human intelligence by developing robots that are equivalent to human intelligence. Its co-founder Dileep George said these components are used to assemble intelligent robots. He said: "We have cheap motors, sensors, batteries, plastics and processors... Why can't we have Rossi?" He refers to the space-age cartoon "TheJetsons" in the 1960s. Multipurpose robot maid. George said that the current level of AI is like what he calls "old brain", similar to the cognitive ability of mice. The "new brain" is more developed, such as what is seen in primates and whales.
George said that the "old brain" would be confused when the smaller input was changed. For example, a robot that can play video games will make mistakes when the color becomes brighter. He said: "Today's AI is not ready yet!" Vicarious uses deep learning techniques to bring robots closer to human cognition. In the same test, although the brightness has changed, robots with VicariousAI can always play this game. Another thing that confuses the "old brain" is putting two objects together. One can see two things superimposed, such as a coffee cup that covers a vase in a photo, and the robot often mistakes it for an unidentified object. Vicarious's goal is to solve this type of problem, and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is also an investor.
As a robot companion and video photographer, Kuri's situation is different. Kaijen Hsiao, chief technology officer of Kuri's development company MayfieldRoboTIcs, said that there is a camera behind the left eye of the robot that can collect video in HD format. Kuri has depth sensors to map houses and use images to improve navigation. She also has pet and human detection so that when they are around, Kuri can show a smile or react. Kuri also has the ability to recognize, so even if the lights change, she can remember where she has been, such as the kitchen during the day or night. "Instant Choice" is another feature of this robot that allows Kuri to recognize similar videos she recorded, such as Dad teasing a baby in the living room, while also removing unwanted video.
Kaijen Hsiao explained: “Kuri's job is to bring life to your family. It also provides entertainment services such as playing music, podcasts, audio books, etc. You can view your home from anywhere.†Kuri is the family The video producer, who walked around the house. Kuri uses a vision and deep learning algorithm, Kaijen Hsiao said: "Kuri's biggest feature is that it has its own personality and can be used as a cute companion." Kuri will be available in December for $799.
Business response to AIJames Manyika, chairman and director of the McKinsey Global Institute, believes that the United States and China are leading the world in investment in the AI ​​field. Last year, North American AI investment ranged from $15 billion to $23 billion, while Asia (mainly China) invested between $8 billion and $12 billion, while Europe had only $3 billion to $4 billion. Backward state. Technology giants are major investors in the AI ​​sector, with funds ranging from $9 billion to $30 billion, plus $6 billion to $20 billion, including venture capitalists and private equity firms.
Where did they go to invest? Machine learning accounted for 56% of total investment, followed by computer vision, accounting for 28%. Natural language accounts for 7%, driverless cars account for 6%, and the rest is divided by virtual assistants. However, Manica said that despite the increasing investment, the actual application of AI is still limited, even for companies that know its capabilities. About 40% of companies are considering deploying AI, 40% of companies are experimenting, and only 20% are using AI in some areas.
The reason for the silence is that 41% of respondents believe that their return on investment is not high, 30% of respondents said that their business value is not enough, other companies said that they do not have AI skills. However, McKinsey believes that AI can more than double the impact of other analyses and has the potential to significantly improve business performance.
Some companies can do this, such as leading companies in the AI ​​industry, including telecommunications and technology companies, financial institutions and automakers. Manika said that these early adopters are often larger, digitally mature companies that integrate AI into their core activities, focus on growth and innovation, rather than cost savings, and require the CEO's strength. The slowest adopters are companies in the healthcare, tourism, professional services, education, and construction industries. However, experts say that with the popularity of AI, it is only a matter of time before companies adopt AI on a large scale.
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