It has been 10 days since the blackouts occurred in India, but the deep reflections caused by the most blackouts affecting the population in the world's power history have only just begun.
History and the future will always have striking similarities. China and India are both large developing countries with large populations. The distribution of energy resources and power loads is not balanced. It has the characteristics of large-scale long-distance transmission of electric power, and there is also the potential for blackouts. risk. It is of great and far-reaching significance to deeply understand and analyze the lessons learned from blackouts and to use this as a guide to ensure the safety of electric power in China and promote the scientific development of the electric power industry and thus the formation of a sustainable energy resource system.
Recently, Zeng Yonggang, vice president of China Southern Power Grid Science Research Institute, accepted an interview with this reporter.
Q: Hello, Vice President, Can you brief us on the current blackout situation in India?
A: Yes. On July 30 and July 31, 2012, two serious power outages occurred in India, which brought catastrophic consequences to the society, the economy, and people’s lives. They have become the two most blackouts affecting the population in the history of the world’s power generation.
India is the largest country in South Asia, with a population of approximately 1.21 billion, a land area of ​​approximately 2.98 million square kilometers, a span of approximately 3,200 kilometers from north to south, and an east-west span of approximately 2,900 kilometers. India's energy resources and electricity load are unevenly distributed, requiring long-distance large-capacity power transmission. By June 2012, India’s total installed capacity reached 205 million kilowatts, with a maximum electricity load of approximately 122 million kilowatts. It has formed five regional power grids in the north, east, northeast, west, and south, including the northern, eastern, northeast, and western grids. The interconnection forms a synchronous power grid, while the southern power grid connects to it asynchronously with high-voltage direct current.
At 2:33 a.m. local time on July 30, local northern part of the power grid broke down, triggering a chain reaction that eventually led to the collapse of the entire northern power grid system, resulting in a loss of about 35 million kilowatts of electricity. The outage range covered 9 cities including New Delhi. The state affects more than 370 million people. In the northern part of the electricity load recovery hours, local time again at 13 o'clock on the July 31st, a blackout occurred again, the scope of blackouts affect the 22 states of northern, eastern and northeastern India, the loss of electricity load of about 40 million kilowatts, affecting the population 670 million, more than 55% of India's total population. The power outage caused more than 400 trains to stop running. Hundreds of coal miners were trapped underground. The traffic and water supply in the capital of Delhi were rampant and the social order was in chaos.
Q: As a senior expert in the power industry, how do you view the security and stability of the power grid?
A: The electric power industry is a national basic industry. Electric power safety is an important part of energy security and national security. The blackouts in India have brought disastrous consequences to society, economy and people’s lives, which have seriously affected social stability and national development. China's economic development is relatively high, and society is more dependent on electricity. Once a large area of ​​blackouts occurs, the impact will be even more severe. Although the green, energy-saving and economic characteristics of power grids have become increasingly demanding in recent years, maintaining safety has always been the top priority of the power industry. We must examine the safety and stability issues of large power grids from the perspective of energy security and national security, and make overall plans for the economy of the power grid. Environmental protection and other characteristics.
Q: What do you think is the biggest inspiration to the development of China's power industry during the current blackout in India?
A: I insist that unified scheduling and unified management are important cornerstones for ensuring the safety of large power grids. The Indian blackouts are closely related to the diversity of the interest groups in the system, the looseness of the dispatch and command system, the lack of powerful institutions to control the overall situation, and poor scheduling and commanding. Electric energy is a special commodity that is transmitted at the speed of light and cannot be stored in large quantities. Production, supply, sales, and use are accomplished at the same time. The power generation output and the power load must be kept strictly balanced under the unified command and control of the power grid dispatch, transmission and distribution. Mutual influence, inseparable, any problems in any one link may affect the overall security of the large power grid. Implementing unified dispatching and unified management of the closely-connected synchronous power grid is an objective law that the grid operation must follow, and it is also an invaluable experience for China's power industry to develop rapidly in a complex environment and avoid blackouts.
Q: The blackout in India this time was an alarm for power safety. Do you think the blackouts have implications for China?
A: In addition to examining the safety and stability issues of large power grids in particular from the perspective of national security and social stability, I believe that there are three other lessons for me to insist on and strengthen unified dispatching and unified management.
First, the scale of the synchronous power grid, the layout of the power supply, and the structure of the power grid should be considered in a comprehensive manner from the aspects of resource environment, industrial layout, and energy security. A reasonable grid size, power supply layout, and grid structure are the foundations of power system security. The expansion and interconnection of the power grid is The objective law of the development of the power industry, but the greater the scale of the synchronous power grid, the greater the impact of blackouts and the more serious the consequences. The large-scale long-distance power transmission in the power grid, insufficient power supply capacity of the receiving end power grid, and weak power grid structure all lead to a decrease in the ability of the power grid to withstand faults and easily cause system breakdown.
The scale of the power grid, the layout of power supply, and the structure of the power grid are closely related to the country's resources and environment, industrial layout, and energy security. It is necessary to strengthen unified planning, coordinate and coordinate national energy planning and power grid planning, promote strategic adjustment of energy structure with a scientific concept of development, optimize and adjust industrial layout, and establish a safe and efficient energy system. We must actively promote the rational allocation of energy resources, and we must Scientifically plan the scale of synchronous power grids to minimize the operational risk of large-scale long-distance transmission of electricity.
Second, improve the external environment of the power grid construction, and promote the sustainable development of the power industry The Indian power industry's own profitability and sustainable development ability is weak, the external environment is poor, the power grid investment is insufficient, the equipment is aging, and blackouts occur frequently. China should take active measures to improve the external environment for power grid construction from the perspective of national security, increase support for electricity price policies, improve policy support for the power grid construction environment, reasonably improve power grid construction standards, enhance the ability of the power grid to prevent major blackouts, and promote electric power. Industrial sustainable development.
Thirdly, the establishment of government, power companies, power users, and social security agencies to ensure the security and stability of the power grid, guaranteeing the security and stability of power grids in India. An important reason for the blackout is that states proceed from their own interests and plan to use electricity. In the process of accident recovery, there were many times of over-planned electricity consumption. The excessively decentralized main body of the power grid and loose management system lack powerful unified scheduling, which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the large power grid. In view of this, China’s “Law on Electricity†and other laws and regulations need to be revised and improved in the new situation, and the relevant parties, including the government, power companies, and power users, should be responsible for ensuring the security of the power grid and establish their own responsibilities. Long-term mechanism for electricity safety.
In short, the enlightenment and thinking that the 2012 blackout in India has brought us is multifaceted, and we take it for granted.
News link Zeng Yonggang: Associate Dean of China Southern Power Grid Scientific Research Institute, born in 1963. He graduated from Milan Polytechnic University in Italy with a PhD in Engineering. He has been engaged in power system operation analysis, power grid security and stability control, and grid dispatch management.
History and the future will always have striking similarities. China and India are both large developing countries with large populations. The distribution of energy resources and power loads is not balanced. It has the characteristics of large-scale long-distance transmission of electric power, and there is also the potential for blackouts. risk. It is of great and far-reaching significance to deeply understand and analyze the lessons learned from blackouts and to use this as a guide to ensure the safety of electric power in China and promote the scientific development of the electric power industry and thus the formation of a sustainable energy resource system.
Recently, Zeng Yonggang, vice president of China Southern Power Grid Science Research Institute, accepted an interview with this reporter.
Q: Hello, Vice President, Can you brief us on the current blackout situation in India?
A: Yes. On July 30 and July 31, 2012, two serious power outages occurred in India, which brought catastrophic consequences to the society, the economy, and people’s lives. They have become the two most blackouts affecting the population in the history of the world’s power generation.
India is the largest country in South Asia, with a population of approximately 1.21 billion, a land area of ​​approximately 2.98 million square kilometers, a span of approximately 3,200 kilometers from north to south, and an east-west span of approximately 2,900 kilometers. India's energy resources and electricity load are unevenly distributed, requiring long-distance large-capacity power transmission. By June 2012, India’s total installed capacity reached 205 million kilowatts, with a maximum electricity load of approximately 122 million kilowatts. It has formed five regional power grids in the north, east, northeast, west, and south, including the northern, eastern, northeast, and western grids. The interconnection forms a synchronous power grid, while the southern power grid connects to it asynchronously with high-voltage direct current.
At 2:33 a.m. local time on July 30, local northern part of the power grid broke down, triggering a chain reaction that eventually led to the collapse of the entire northern power grid system, resulting in a loss of about 35 million kilowatts of electricity. The outage range covered 9 cities including New Delhi. The state affects more than 370 million people. In the northern part of the electricity load recovery hours, local time again at 13 o'clock on the July 31st, a blackout occurred again, the scope of blackouts affect the 22 states of northern, eastern and northeastern India, the loss of electricity load of about 40 million kilowatts, affecting the population 670 million, more than 55% of India's total population. The power outage caused more than 400 trains to stop running. Hundreds of coal miners were trapped underground. The traffic and water supply in the capital of Delhi were rampant and the social order was in chaos.
Q: As a senior expert in the power industry, how do you view the security and stability of the power grid?
A: The electric power industry is a national basic industry. Electric power safety is an important part of energy security and national security. The blackouts in India have brought disastrous consequences to society, economy and people’s lives, which have seriously affected social stability and national development. China's economic development is relatively high, and society is more dependent on electricity. Once a large area of ​​blackouts occurs, the impact will be even more severe. Although the green, energy-saving and economic characteristics of power grids have become increasingly demanding in recent years, maintaining safety has always been the top priority of the power industry. We must examine the safety and stability issues of large power grids from the perspective of energy security and national security, and make overall plans for the economy of the power grid. Environmental protection and other characteristics.
Q: What do you think is the biggest inspiration to the development of China's power industry during the current blackout in India?
A: I insist that unified scheduling and unified management are important cornerstones for ensuring the safety of large power grids. The Indian blackouts are closely related to the diversity of the interest groups in the system, the looseness of the dispatch and command system, the lack of powerful institutions to control the overall situation, and poor scheduling and commanding. Electric energy is a special commodity that is transmitted at the speed of light and cannot be stored in large quantities. Production, supply, sales, and use are accomplished at the same time. The power generation output and the power load must be kept strictly balanced under the unified command and control of the power grid dispatch, transmission and distribution. Mutual influence, inseparable, any problems in any one link may affect the overall security of the large power grid. Implementing unified dispatching and unified management of the closely-connected synchronous power grid is an objective law that the grid operation must follow, and it is also an invaluable experience for China's power industry to develop rapidly in a complex environment and avoid blackouts.
Q: The blackout in India this time was an alarm for power safety. Do you think the blackouts have implications for China?
A: In addition to examining the safety and stability issues of large power grids in particular from the perspective of national security and social stability, I believe that there are three other lessons for me to insist on and strengthen unified dispatching and unified management.
First, the scale of the synchronous power grid, the layout of the power supply, and the structure of the power grid should be considered in a comprehensive manner from the aspects of resource environment, industrial layout, and energy security. A reasonable grid size, power supply layout, and grid structure are the foundations of power system security. The expansion and interconnection of the power grid is The objective law of the development of the power industry, but the greater the scale of the synchronous power grid, the greater the impact of blackouts and the more serious the consequences. The large-scale long-distance power transmission in the power grid, insufficient power supply capacity of the receiving end power grid, and weak power grid structure all lead to a decrease in the ability of the power grid to withstand faults and easily cause system breakdown.
The scale of the power grid, the layout of power supply, and the structure of the power grid are closely related to the country's resources and environment, industrial layout, and energy security. It is necessary to strengthen unified planning, coordinate and coordinate national energy planning and power grid planning, promote strategic adjustment of energy structure with a scientific concept of development, optimize and adjust industrial layout, and establish a safe and efficient energy system. We must actively promote the rational allocation of energy resources, and we must Scientifically plan the scale of synchronous power grids to minimize the operational risk of large-scale long-distance transmission of electricity.
Second, improve the external environment of the power grid construction, and promote the sustainable development of the power industry The Indian power industry's own profitability and sustainable development ability is weak, the external environment is poor, the power grid investment is insufficient, the equipment is aging, and blackouts occur frequently. China should take active measures to improve the external environment for power grid construction from the perspective of national security, increase support for electricity price policies, improve policy support for the power grid construction environment, reasonably improve power grid construction standards, enhance the ability of the power grid to prevent major blackouts, and promote electric power. Industrial sustainable development.
Thirdly, the establishment of government, power companies, power users, and social security agencies to ensure the security and stability of the power grid, guaranteeing the security and stability of power grids in India. An important reason for the blackout is that states proceed from their own interests and plan to use electricity. In the process of accident recovery, there were many times of over-planned electricity consumption. The excessively decentralized main body of the power grid and loose management system lack powerful unified scheduling, which is not conducive to the safe and stable operation of the large power grid. In view of this, China’s “Law on Electricity†and other laws and regulations need to be revised and improved in the new situation, and the relevant parties, including the government, power companies, and power users, should be responsible for ensuring the security of the power grid and establish their own responsibilities. Long-term mechanism for electricity safety.
In short, the enlightenment and thinking that the 2012 blackout in India has brought us is multifaceted, and we take it for granted.
News link Zeng Yonggang: Associate Dean of China Southern Power Grid Scientific Research Institute, born in 1963. He graduated from Milan Polytechnic University in Italy with a PhD in Engineering. He has been engaged in power system operation analysis, power grid security and stability control, and grid dispatch management.
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